A typical tool in physics experiments to gauge the resistance of a circuit component, like a resistor or wire, is the metre bridge. It is made up of two conducting terminals, or “jockey” contacts, that may be move along the wire to adjust the distance between them. It is made of a long, thin wire stretch over a wooden board. The concepts of Ohm’s law and the Wheatstone bridge can be use to calculate the resistance of the circuit element by connecting it in series with the wire and a power source and using a galvanometer to measure the current flowing through the circuit.

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Metre Bridge: Development and History

The Wheatstone bridge, an earlier innovation of English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone, was modify into the metre bridge in 1843. The Wheatstone bridge was a device that balanced the voltage drop between two opposing sides of the diamond with a known voltage source to measure an unknown resistance.

One of the resistors in the diamond was modify by Wheatstone to be a variable resistor, or rheostat, and the voltage source was change to a galvanometer, which measures the current flowing through the circuit. The ratio of the two fixed resistors in the diamond can be use to calculate the value of the unknown resistance by changing the rheostat until the galvanometer reads zero.

The Wheatstone bridge is simplified in the metre bridge by using a straight wire for the diamond shape and a wire itself for the rheostat. The resistance of the wire between the two jockey contacts can be determine using the same ratio method as in the Wheatstone bridge by measuring the voltage drop across a known length of the wire with a voltmeter, moving the jockey contacts to a different length of the wire, and measuring the voltage drop again.

Bridge in metres: Uses

In physics labs, the metre bridge is a useful and often used tool for determining the resistance of a wide range of circuit components. From straightforward resistors to more intricate parallel and series circuits.

By altering the length and thickness of the wire and measuring the resistance. It is also use to determine a material’s intrinsic resistance per unit length and cross-sectional area, or resistivity. In materials science and engineering, resistivity measurements are crucial for describing the electrical characteristics of metals, semiconductors, and insulators.

The temperature coefficient of resistance of a material. Or the rate at which its resistance changes with temperature, can also be measure using the metre bridge. One can determine the material’s temperature coefficient and use it to determine the temperature at which the material will have a specific resistance by heating or cooling the material and measuring its resistance at various temperatures.

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