An important component of civil engineering utilised while building bridges, docks, etc. is the caisson foundation. The word caisson is derived from the Latin capsa, which denotes a box or material resembling a box. The pier foundation is another name for the caisson foundation. It serves as a bridge pier and is a watertight water barrier. It is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder that is filled with concrete, sinks into the ground to a certain desirable depth, and serves as the foundation.

Although caisson foundations are placed differently than pile foundations, they are comparable in shape. It is employed when suitable bearing-strength soils are discovered below weak surface materials like peat or backfill. Various caisson foundation types, uses, and other important details are discussed here.

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Caisson Foundation : Purpose

Occasionally, a caisson foundation is use. Here they are.

• If you need a strong undercarriage that reaches up to or below the back deck to resist damaging forces from floats, cuts, etc., a caisson foundation is employ when the ground contains substantial rocks that prevent the pile from penetrating the surface.
• Whenever the foundation is subject to a sizable lateral load
• when a deep river or sea
• If luggage needs to be carry at the end and the load arrangement involves flow forces, caissons are chosen.
• If the current groundwater table is actively inflowing, caissons are a wise choice.

Examples of a caisson foundation

There are various caisson foundation types. Here are some of them:

Box caissons:

These are heavy, wooden boxes that are watertight and open at the top. They are normally float to an appropriate location, where they are then place into position using a masonry pier.

Excavated caissons:

Caisson foundations that have been excavate are position within an unearth area. Typically cylindrical, they are subsequently backfill with concrete.

Floating caissons :

These are also refer to as floating docks and construct cylindrical boxes.

Open caissons:

Comparable to box caissons in many ways. High and low, open, and high open-low close are the two variations of open boxes. These caissons are best suit to soft terrain.

Pneumatic caissons:

These are sizable, waterproof containers or cylinders that are mostly employ in the construction of submerge structures.

Compressed air caissons:

This sort of box is appropriate for dry working environments where other techniques won’t function effectively.

Monolithic caissons:

This is the biggest type of caisson foundation.

Uses for the Caisson foundation

• Transfer weight from building columns and bridge piers to the hardest subterranean layer.
• Earthen dams with caissons set closely together have unbreakable core walls.
• to create room for tunnels or deep shafts.
• Build any barriers that would prevent the submersion of machinery, pumps, etc.
• to safeguard the base against lateral stresses.

Caisson foundation: benefits

• reduces the necessity for post caps.
• It generates a little less vibration and noise.
• able to quickly adjust to any changing field conditions.
• high capacity for axial and lateral loads.

Caisson foundation: drawbacks

• It is quite susceptible to construction techniques.
• Legacy assets should not use it.
• The construction can only be design by experience engineers. There is a shortage of professionals.
• It puts workers in a dangerous environment where they could contract caisson illness.
• Inspectors who are qualified are in short supply.

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