How Do Early Warning Systems For Earthquakes Work?
Before a disaster occurs, Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) quickly identifies the ground motion and assists in notifying the people. It is beneficial to have knowledge of these warning systems and how they function because more than half of the Indian subcontinent is vulnerable to earthquakes. Continue reading to learn more about EEWs and what you should do in the event that a warning has been issued.
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An early warning system is essential for disaster risk reduction in a nation like India, which is prone to at least one 8.0 or larger earthquake each year. When the earthquakes strike, being prepared can prevent harm to both life and property. Having said that, the process you must go through in order to receive an earthquake early warning (EEW) system is described in full below.
What is an early warning system for earthquakes?
The term “earthquake early warning” (EEW) refers to the quick identification of ground motion as soon as an earthquake starts and the dissemination of warnings that tremors are imminent. The brief warning period before the shaking begins provides people with essential time to get ready and reduces injuries, property loss, and even fatalities. It involves real-time estimation of impending shocks rather than earthquake prediction.
How do early warning systems for earthquakes work?
Seismic waves are the means by which earthquake energy is transmitted through the earth. Two general categories can be used to classify these waves:
- The main, non-destructive waves are called P waves.
- secondary, destructive waves: S waves
When P waves begin to emerge from an earthquake, seismic sensors pick them up and send this information to the data centres. The earthquake’s size, position, and anticipated tremors are all calculated by the data centres. Following that, before the S wave strikes, the general population is alerted and warned via the national alerting systems.
The time it takes for the S wave to arrive after the P wave strikes determines how much early notice may be given. Additionally, this period often increases as a site is farther away from the disaster’s core.
What should one do if an earthquake warning is issued?
Here are some actions you should do if you receive an earthquake warning:
Do not become frightened
It can be frightening to receive an earthquake early warning, but it’s crucial to handle the situation calmly. The threat to you and your loved ones could increase if you panic.
Move to a more secure area
If you remain on a building’s higher floors, swiftly go to a lower level and seek cover beneath a solid desk or table. Keep in mind that heavy furniture, such as large cabinets and bookcases, can fall and hurt you.
Avoid utilizing the lifts
Even if a building has seismic retrofitting, quakes can still cause its lifts to malfunction and become stranded in between stories. Use the stairs to descend to the building’s lowest floors.
Don’t re-enter damaged buildings
It might not be safe to re-enter a building if the earthquake has damaged it or a portion of it. Get a certified professional to check the structure, and look into measures to make your home earthquake-resistant.
Avoid using matches or lighters
Gas leaks can come from damaged gas lines caused by earthquakes. Using lighters or matches might start fires, which can result in further damage.
The first EEW system in the nation since 2021 is comprised of an expanded network of 170 seismic sensors owned by the Uttarakhand government. If an earthquake with an epicentre in the State and a magnitude of at least 6.0 occurs. It can transmit a warning of around 76 seconds to Delhi. The damage caused by an earthquake’s aftershock can be greatly reduced when more States are eventually covered by EEW systems.
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