How Can You Be Sure That Your House Is Earthquake-Proof?
Earthquake-Proof house- We look at India’s seismic zones and the building codes that a homeowner might use to determine whether his property is earthquake-proof.
5.4 magnitude earthquake in J&K
On June 13, 2023, Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), experienced an earthquake with a Richter scale value of 5.4. The earthquake had a 6km depth and happened at 1:33 in the afternoon. In Doda, there was an epicentre. Delhi and other areas of north India experienced earthquake tremors.
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Recent Earthquakes
On March 21, 23 there are tremors in Delhi when an earthquake strikes the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan.
On March 21, 2023, at approximately 10.17 p.m., a powerful earthquake struck the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan. Strong earthquake sensations lasting about 30 seconds were reported in Delhi and other North Indian states. In India, no one’s property or person was lost. The 6.6 on the Richter Scale earthquake’s epicentre was close to Jurm, Afghanistan. Due to the 156 km depth, the tremors could be felt in India as well as nearby nations like Pakistan, China, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan.
Turkey is devastated by an earthquake on February 27, 2023.
On February 27, 2023, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake struck Turkey, forcing numerous buildings to collapse. Three weeks have passed since the terrible earthquake that claimed hundreds of lives.
The J&K earthquake occurs on February 17, 2023.
The National Centre for Seismology of India reported a magnitude 3.6 earthquake in Katra, Jammu & Kashmir on February 17, 2023 at 5:01 am, at a depth of 10 km. However, there was no mention of any property damage.
On February 6, 2023, an earthquake occurs in Turkey.
One glance at the globe reveals the world’s deadliest earthquake, which struck Turkey on February 6, 2023, measuring 7.8 on the Richter Scale and was follow by another earthquake measuring 7.7 approximately nine hours later. Following the earthquake, there were around 2,100 aftershocks, and over 43,000 fatalities were recorded.
On February 6, 2023, an earthquake strikes Delhi.
The National Centre for Seismology (NCS) tweeted that a 5.8-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal at 2:28 PM on January 24, 2023. Strong earthquake tremors were felt in Delhi and the nearby areas.
Recent earthquakes have been felt, among other places, in areas of Rajkot, Gujarat, and even the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. Higher magnitude earthquakes can result in significant loss of life and property, which makes the structural integrity of structures and the requirement for the greatest seismographs essential. According to a 2016 report titled “Earthquake Hazard Zoning Maps” by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), up to 95% of homes nationwide are vulnerable to earthquakes.” The BMPTC is an organisation support by the government that promotes proper building technology. Let’s learn about India’s seismic zones and how to construct houses that can withstand earthquakes.
The earthquake zones in India
In India, 59 percent of the country’s territory is vulnerable to earthquake damage. There are four distinct zones on this property.
Zone V
Zone V, the seismically most active zone, includes portions of the Himalayan barrier in north and north-east India, parts of Jammu and Kashmir, the Kutch region in west India, Himachal Pradesh, north Bihar, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Uttaranchal. Earthquakes have the potential to cause significant damage in this area.
Zone IV
Zone IV includes some of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, the National Capital Region of Delhi, Sikkim, northern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, some of Maharashtra (close to the west coast), Gujarat, and Rajasthan. The Zone IV is a less active zone than Zone V, although it can still cause a lot of damage.
Zone III
Zone III includes the remaining areas of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra that are not in Zones IV or V and is, on balance, safer than those two zones. Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Lakshadweep, and Karnataka are also include in this.
Zone II
This region, which includes areas of India that are not include in any of the aforemention zones, is the safest or, more precisely, the least active.
Earthquake-resistant home
The Bureau of Indian Standards & building standards provide rules for the construction of earthquake-resistant homes and structurally sound buildings. The necessary internal components for an earthquake-resistant structure are depict in the following diagram.
Best materials to use when constructing a house that is earthquake resistant
Construction materials that are resistant to earthquakes include wood, concrete, and wood. To make concrete-based homes with steel slabs earthquake-resistant, additional support must be provided.
How to evaluate the safety of residential brick buildings in Delhi using an earthquake proof house?
Given that Zone IV includes earthquake-prone and damage-prone locations, the NCT of Delhi is one of them. A maximum earthquake strength of VIII on the MSK strength Scale is probable in places like these. Kutcha constructions and masonry buildings could sustain damage as a result of this. According to the National Institute of Disaster Management, structures built in sandy soil with a high-water table run the risk of suffering greater damage than those built with high-quality cement mortar.
Here’s how to determine whether your home is earthquake-resistant or how much damage it might sustain.
Number of storeys
In general, one- or two-story structures with walls that are one brick thick (nine inches) or less are safer than three-story structures. If a fourth floor is erected, it will be extremely dangerous and make living in the lower storeys more dangerous.
Each storey’s load-bearing walls’ thickness
Half-brick load bearing walls that are 412 inches thick can render a building dangerous, and if they are employee in higher levels, they may even have disastrous effects. Walls that have too many window apertures deteriorate in strength. The risk of destruction will also increase if there are small piers use in the gaps between apertures that are smaller than 45 cm. The optimal apertures’ total width should be as follows:
| Building type | Combined width of openings (for windows) |
| 1-storeyed building | Not more than 50% |
| 2-storeyed building | Less than 42% |
| 3-4-storeyed building | Less than one-third of the length of the wall |
Mortar used for construction
The building will be more secure if the mortar is stronger The ratio of mortar that is advise for use in order to preserve safety is one part cement to every six parts sand. The NIDM claims that lime-surkhi or lime-cinder mortar is substantially weaker.
Horizontal seismic bands
The horizontal bands that are given at the plinth level & lintel level of doors, windows, and exterior and internal walls are crucial seismic safety components. These make the walls more resistant to seismic damage and provide the house an earthquake-proof structure.
Vertical bar reinforcement
Vertical reinforcing bars should be installed from the foundation to the top roof slab at every corner & T-junction of the room.
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