Indian National Highways: Facts
India has a sizable and well-connected network of highways, with National Highways serving as the foundation of the nation’s transportation system. These roadways are overseen by the National roadways Authority of India (NHAI). The nation’s major cities and towns are connected by national highways, which facilitates the efficient movement of people and commodities across the country.
Currently, India’s national highway network spans 1,42,126 km, with current developments attempting to increase its length. These highways’ construction and upkeep are essential for advancing tourism, facilitating speedier transportation of products and services, and strengthening the nation’s economy.
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Indian national highways: a historical perspective
The British constructed highways for military purposes in the 19th century, which left a historical impact on India’s National Highways. Following independence, the Indian government set about planning a comprehensive system of national roadways.
India started establishing its national highway network in the 1950s by creating the first national highways connecting important cities. In 1956, the National roadways Act was passed, giving the federal government control over the construction and upkeep of national roadways. Over time, the network rapidly grew, with a focus on enhancing communication between important cities and ports. The construction of the Golden Quadrilateral, a system of four-lane highways linking large metropolitan areas, witnessed a substantial upsurge in the 1980s. India now has 1.3 million miles of roadways.
Indian national highway classification
In India, national highways are categorised according to their direction, where they begin and terminate, and the areas they pass through. The following performs the classification:
- Indian National Highways Authority (NHAI)
- The MoRTH (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways)
The various categories for Indian national highways are as follows:
North–South Corridors
These 4,000 km long roadways connect India’s northern and southern regions. They bear the prefix “N” for National and are identified by odd numerals. Like NH-7, NH-19, and NH-5.
East-West Corridors
These 3,300 km-long roadways connect India’s eastern and western regions, or vice versa. The prefix ‘N’ stands for “National,” and they are identified by even numerals. Like NH-14, NH-15, and NH-41.
ECR, or East Coast Road
This route connects Chennai with Kanyakumari along India’s east coast. It has the designations SH-49, NH-332A, and NH-32 combined. The highways’ 777 km combine length is officially refer to as the Muthamizh Arignar Kalaignar Road.
Golden Quadrilateral
Four significant metropolises—Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata—are connected by a golden quadrilateral. It’s identified as:
- Delhi to Agra via NH-44 and Agra to Kolkata via NH-19
- The Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai NH-48
- Bengaluru-Chennai via NH-16
Union Territories National Highways
The Indian Union Territories’ national roadways are known as:
- Islands of Andaman and Nicobar: NH-4
- NH-5 in Chandigarh.
- Daman and Diu: NH-251, NH-848A, NH-848B Dadra and Nagar Haveli: NH-251, NH-848A
- NH-9, NH-44, NH-48, NH-148A, and NH-248BB in Delhi
- NH-1, NH-44, NH-144A, NH-244, NH-444, NH-501, NH-701, and NH-701A are all in Jammu and Kashmir.
- NH-1, NH-3, and NH-301 in Ladakh
- New Hampshire: NH-32 and NH-332
The national highways in India are continually being improve by the NHAI and MoRTH to make them safer, more streamline, and more effective for moving both people and commodities.
India’s national highways are important.
In India’s transport system and economy, national highways are essential. Here are a few of the important functions that India’s national highways serve:
Connectivity
National highways link the farthest reaches of the nation, bringing them into contact with the rest of the population and fostering regional development. Additionally, they offer connectivity to numerous tourist locations, which supports the expansion of the tourism sector.
Employment generation
Jobs in the construction and related industries are create by the building and maintenance of national highways. In the transportation industry, employment on national highways is essential and offers a variety of job opportunities.
Tourism
Developing India’s tourism business also depends on the development of its national highway system. National highways are close to many well-known tourist spots, making access to them simple.
Social advancement
Particularly in isolated areas, national highways improve access to essential services like healthcare and education. By decreasing travel time and boosting market and employment opportunities, they also raise living standards.
Strategic significance
Due to their proximity to border regions and military facilities, some national highways are of strategic importance. They are necessary for the mobility of soldiers and military hardware.
India’s National Highways Face Difficulties
Traffic congestion
Due to an increasing number of vehicles, a lack of sufficient lane discipline, and poor road infrastructure, India’s national highways frequently experience considerable traffic congestion, which causes delays and lowers transportation efficiency.
lack of maintenance
In India, national highways are frequently not well maintain, which results in hazards for drivers such fade road markings, missing signage, and malfunctioning streetlights.
Encroachment
local businesses, sellers, and citizens encroaching on Indian national roadways. It is a typical problem since it restricts right-of-way, narrows the road, and worsens traffic.
Limited road safety measures: The lack of proper road safety equipment, such as speed bumps, crash barriers, and pedestrian crossings, increases the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and fatalities on Indian national highways.
Safety issues
India’s national highways frequently have safety issues, such as insufficient signage, poor lighting, no facilities for pedestrians, and lax enforcement of traffic laws, which result in more accidents and fatalities.
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