Land Records Digitization: Meaning, Benefits & Challenges
Land Records Digitization- Keeping track of land records is like wielding a two-edged sword: accurate records could spark a revolution. But inaccurate records might cause disputes and difficulties. According to a report, about Rs. 26 lakh crores in potential investments are thought to be impact by land disputes in India. The benefits outweigh the costs; thus, the government must continue to exercise proper land regulation. For many administrations, digitizing land records has been a top goal. To address the issues, a distinct core sector project was established in 2008. Additional issues with land governance need to be addresses at the same time.
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Most recent Land Records Digitization News
By March 2024, the Union Government will have completely digitalized all land records.
The Union government wants to digitize the land records by March 31, 2023, according to a recent update. The Ministry of Rural Development is putting a lot of effort into digitizing land records. The Ministry is also working to connect the database of E courts and banks with the digitalized land records. The databases will be link together to prevent fake land records. Additionally, it will lessen land disputes.
Over 94% of the land records are already digitally preserved, according to statistics provided by the Ministry under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP). Nine states—Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Gujarat, Bihar, Tripura, West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam—across more than 68 districts have achieved total digitization.
According to the DILRMP, the district receives a grade based on six criteria: computerization of land records, digitization of land maps, computerization of the registration process, integration of land records with the registration department, and development of a modern record room.
State Government to Provide Land Records in 22 Languages
June 2023: The country’s land governance underwent a significant revision as a result of a complaint the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) received in 2021 about the difficulties in obtaining land records owing to language barriers. Indian individuals will soon have access to land records in their native tongues because the state will save these documents in 22 different languages. According to reports, the Ministry of Rural Development is preparing to implement the transliteration of land records across all of India. According to the rural development minister, the multilingual land records deployment across all of India is scheduled for June or July.
The Joint Secretary of the Rural Development Ministry’s Department of Land Resources provided additional information, stating that the transliteration of land records into all 22 Indian Scheduled languages would expand the scope of Records of Rights and provide ease of doing business and residing. People will be able to view land records in the languages of their choice without having to deal with translation issues. The Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology assigned C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing), Pune, to transliterate the RORs (Records of Rights).
What Does Digitization of Land Mean?
India’s land record system has experienced numerous distinct problems. These include Legacy issues, a lack of administrative power, and other legal shortcomings. At both the political and personal levels, the land sector is currently dealing with unprecedented difficulties. The Indian government approved the National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP), a programme with government support, in 2008 to solve these problems. Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) is the new name for this programme. On April 1, 2016, a central sector programme became operational. A 14-digit unique identification number, also known as the Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), is use in this programme to identify each land parcel.
Benefits of digitizing land records
- The public will have access to the newest data on land ownership.
- The data is post on websites that have the necessary security IDs. The property owners now have unrestricted access to their records. Additionally, they don’t worry about data security.
- The amount of time that citizens & government officials interact will decrease with open access to documents. Bribes and harassment will decline as a result.
- The time need to obtain RoRs and other documents will be greatly decreases through IT linkages.
- Citizens will save time and effort by using the single-window service access to obtain RoRs and other papers.
- The range of fraudulent real estate transactions will be limit by automate and automatic mutations.
- Conclusive titling will also reduce litigation by a large amount.
- These records will be impervious to tampering.
- With the use of this technology, e-links to credit facilities will be available.
- Information about market value will be available to the public online.
- Citizens can access certificates based on land data (such as residence, caste, income, etc.) using computers.
- It will be easy to transmit crucial information-filled land passbooks.
Challenges with Land Record Digitization:
- Land titles are not use in India; instead, registered sale records used.
- The right to immovable property (or land) may only be transfers or sold using a registered document in hand, according to the Transfer of Property Act of 1882.
- These papers must be registers in accordance with the Registration Act of 1908. As a result, only the transaction is register rather than the land title.
- Land ownership is document in numerous documents held by various authorities. This makes getting to them challenging.
- For instance, sale deeds are held under the registration section. The survey department continues to have the maps. additionally, the revenue division’s collection of property taxes.
- These divisions run independently. They delay updating data, which causes discrepancies. One must search through several years’ worth of documentation to find any ownership claims on a particular piece of property. This results in unjustified and unusual delays.
- People choose not to record transactions since registering property is expensive.
- When registering a selling deed, the buyer is responsible for paying stamp duty & the registration fee.
- In India, stamp duty rates vary amongst states from 4% to 10%, as opposed to 1% & 4% in other countries. The registration fee often costs 0.5% to 2% extra.
- The Registration Act of 1908 exempts transactions like government land purchases from the requirement for property registration. Additionally, it is not requires in cases of heirship divides and short-term leases on property.
Addition Note:
The Additional Secretary for India declares that as part of the digitalization of records, all land holdings in the country would be link to the owners’ Aadhaar cards at Geosmart India 2022. Strong laws quickly resolve the issues relating to land. One Nation One Software for land registration is the aim of the endeavour. He stated that more than 60% of all lawsuits in India are related to land issues.
What Makes Land Records Necessary?
- According to a 2007 World Bank report, land-related disputes are the cause of about two-thirds of all active legal proceedings in the country. The legality of land titles, documents, and ownership are all in question. According to an NITI Aayog research, it takes 20 years on average to settle a land dispute. Land conflicts add to the court’s workload and imprison property in court. This interferes with the businesses and initiatives that rely on these disputed land titles.
- Land has typically been use by farmers as loan collateral. The delivery of agricultural financing & credit is hampered by the disputed land titles. More than half of all land is own by small and marginal farmers. They might not have legitimate land titles and be ineligible for institutional financing.
- Currently, other uses are being made of the once use for agriculture land. For instance, build businesses, factories, warehouses, roadways, homes, and shopping centres. But land disputes are causing delays in a lot of new developments.
- Government property continues to be largely wasted. The undeveloped land contains a substantial portion of expensive real estate. This is in a top-notch neighbourhood in a big city. Artificial scarcity has been create through government land hoarding. This is one of the main factors driving up the cost of urban real estate.
- When one person holds or transfers property that was originally bought or paid for by another person, it is known as a “benami transaction.” According to estimates, the nation’s black money is invested in Benami properties. Due to ambiguous titles and outdate land records, property transfers may be conducted in an opaque manner.
Final Thoughts on Land Records Digitization
Land records management involves two aspects: A revolution might be sparks by accurate and comprehensive land records. However, erroneous records could lead to disagreements and problems. Due to the digitization of land records, the public will have access to the most recent land ownership records. Automated and automatic mutations will restrict the variety of fraudulent real estate transactions. In India, registers sale documents are use in place of land titles.
According to the Transfer of Property Act of 1882, the right to immovable property (or land) may only be transfers or sold through a recorded instrument. Numerous documents held by various authorities provide proof of land ownership. This makes reaching them difficult. As a result, there are advantages and disadvantages to digitizing land records.
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