Load Bearing Structures : Classification & Benefits
Load Bearing Structures : The walls of a load-bearing building receive the full weight of the top.
Since the ceiling and levels are immediately supported by the walls in a load-bearing building, the entire weight of the superstructure is transferre to the walls. Walls provide support for things like roofs, platforms, and of course one’s own weight. Wall footing allows barriers to transfer weight to the ground below. Although four stories can be constructed, this type of structure is only feasible and cheap for two levels.
Since the wall footing rests directly on hard strata, this type of building is use where they are available at lesser levels. As the number of floors increases, the walls become significantly thicker. In addition to reducing the flooring surface, this also drives up the cost.
Instead of load-bearing brickwork, the majority of modern buildings are made of frame structures made of lightweight but durable materials that support floor slabs and have incredibly thin and light inner and external walls. A load-bearing structural system’s external and internal walls act as both a structural component and an enclosure to shield occupants from the weather, including rain, wind, heat, and fire.
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Load-bearing structure components
Load bearing walls
The weight of the stones above a load-bearing wall is transferred to the foundation. These obstacles can be built using masonry or brick materials. The outside sides of a building construction are typically thought of as load-bearing.
The load-bearing wall may only be remove as part of remodeling after providing alternative support for the structures above-supported.
Beams
A beam is one of the primary load-bearing components of a building and can be made of metal, concrete, or timber. The beam is the primary skeletal element that supports the structure’s weight. The strength and capacity of a weight-bearing construction to withstand a burden are determined by the depth and width of the beam element.
The beam is vulnerable to higher shear and compression forces because of the numerous internal and exterior stresses that are exerting pressure on it.
Columns
One of the crucial purposes of columns, one of the main structural elements of a structure, is the transmission of dead and live loads from the building structure to the base.
Braces
Braces are one of the structural elements of the load-bearing skeletal structure. The framework is considerably stiffened by these load-bearing parts.
Trusses
- The ceiling elements of a structure are supported by the load-bearing trusses. The beams evenly or consistently bear the weight of the ceiling.
- The trusses are subjected to both compression and tensile pressures. The beams are not open to any moments.
Benefits of load-bearing structures
- The load-bearing structure or building, which is the structural system where loads of structures, such as the weight of the building itself and the living loads, are transported to the subsurface base through walls, ensures the performance and safety of the building.
- A component of a building known as a load-bearing structure safely moves the weight of the structure to the subsurface base. A structure’s self-weight, the burden of the ceiling, and the load of the floor are all supported by walls.
- This structural system demonstrates the most advantageous use of load-bearing, and it accomplishes a number of goals including supporting weights, dividing the area, isolating the structure from heat and sound, etc.
- A load-bearing wall cannot be breached because doing so would jeopardize the building’s structural integrity.
- The walls’ immense weight helps to keep the building together and stabilize it against outside forces like earthquakes and weather.
Load bearing structure: Disadvantages
Load carrying buildings have some limitations that have restricted their use in the construction sector. Examples comprise:
- The finest buildings for this load-bearing construction are those that have up to three stories.
- Load-bearing masonry buildings take longer to create and require more labor than other types of construction.
- Masonry buildings don’t provide enough heat protection that is weatherproof.
- Once building has started, it is impossible to alter the location of the walls.
- The weight of the stone walls as a whole makes the structure heavier as a whole.
- Non-reinforced units are less able to endure high tensile and shear strains than frame structures, which has a negative impact on stone wall resilience and seismic load performance.
Load bearing structure and frame structure differences
| Sr. No. | Load bearing structure | Framed structure |
| 1. | The price is lower. | Cost is more. |
| 2. | Up to two storeys are suitable. | Adaptable to a wide range of storeys. |
| 3. | Less space is use since the walls are thicker and the floor surface is less. | Because walls are lighter than load-bearing systems, there is more usable floor space. |
| 4. | Slow construction | Fast construction |
| 5. | After construction, it is impossible to change the location of the walls. | When required, walls’ positions can be adjusted. |
| 6. | Taken deeper into the soil’s subsurface. | Only the columns are inserted deeply and given a foundation footing. |
| 7. | This building requires additional labour. | Although the framed construction needed different abilities, it is less labour-intensive. |
| 8. | Even if several rules are not rigorously adhered to in this structure, life is not significantly affected. | If suitable technology is not used and standards, or codes, are not rigorously follow, the life of the building is lowere in framed structures. |
| 9. | Restrictions on how many wall holes may be provided, which will impact the amount of light and ventilation in the space. | It’s conceivable for walls to have huge gaps. |
| 10. | Unlike a framed building, load-bearing structures may be built without the need for costly equipment and plants. | Framed buildings must be built with expensive equipment and machinery. |
| 11. | Walls must be constructed first since they support the slab and roof | The RCC framed structure is often built first, follow by the exterior and partition walls, which increases speed. |
| 12. | Large-span areas are not feasible for a load-bearing structure. span restriction, i.e., room dimensions. | Large-span areas are achievable for a framed structure. Room sizes are not restricted, for example. |
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