Plinth Beam : Meaning, Location, Dimensions & More
Plinth Beam : The pillars and sub-columns of a structure are supported by plinth beams, which are rectangular stone blocks. They link the wall to the foundation and are a crucial part of any standing structure.The first and second levels are separated by it. Plinth beams are used to protect structures against natural disasters by preventing fractures from propagating from a building’s base to its walls.
To equally distribute the weight of the columns across the foundation is the basic purpose of a plinth. Their primary objective is to act as a barrier, effectively keeping moisture and water from entering the structure. Plinth beams’ primary purpose is to prevent groundwater from entering the structure and perhaps harming the walls.
The superstructure is shielded from moisture by the damp-resistant course on the plinth’s top layer. Plinth beams also offer lateral stability in the face of horizontal stresses like as earthquakes and wind loads. The rules state that the plinth cannot be any shorter than 45 cm.
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How Important Plinth Beams
- Plinth is incorporated into every construction for the following reasons:
- To keep moisture, mildew, and dampness out of the structure.
- Transfer the weight of a superstructure to the building’s base.
- To serve as a retaining wall to prevent the infill from rising higher than the lower floor or structure.
- Improve the architectural look of a building.
- To provide the structure with all-around stability.
Plinth Beam Level: What Is It?
The level of the building at which superstructure construction begins is known as the plinth beam level. The major function of the beam level is to regulate the overall structure’s height and size. It serves as a point of reference for tasks like laying the foundation, building the wall and choosing the floor level.
Building codes, architectural style, and the building’s location are some of the variables that determine the plinth beam. The height of the plinth level is intended to accommodate drainage systems, neighbouring structures, road levels, and other site-specific design requirements while maintaining the structure above flood level.
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The Plinth Beam’s Size
The size of the plinth beam is determined by a number of elements, including the building type, soil quality, local codes, and design requirements. There is no regulated plinth size for construction that would apply to all projects. However, many architects and builders prefer the width measurement of 9 inches (225 mm), which is frequently utilised.
In addition, the height of the plinth beam might vary from 9 inches (225mm) to 18 inches (450mm) depending on the structure’s floor count and other outside variables. The distance between the ground and the bottom of the beam is provided by this height.
The location of plinth beams
The plinth beam plays a significant role in the foundation of any building or construction. Due to its location at the base of the ground level walls, it is essential to the overall stability and strength of the building. The beam connects the walls and columns and stretches horizontally around the outside of the building.
To stop erosion brought on by groundwater, plinth beams are constructed above the ground but below the floor level. Based on elements including architectural design, structural needs, and adherence to local construction rules and regulations, these beams may not always be placed precisely.
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Difference between Plinth Beam and Tie Beam
| Plinth Beam | Tie Beam |
| Plinth beams are placed at the ground level and it also separates the superstructure and the sub structure. | Tie beams are placed on the higher floors for making a connection between the rafters or the columns. |
| They evenly transfer the load from walls and columns to the structure’s foundation. | They serve as a length-breaker for the columns, particularly when the ceiling height exceeds the standard of over 4-5 metres. |
| Built into constructions with reinforced cement concrete. | Tie beams are built of steel or reinforced cement concrete, depending on the type of construction. |
| They aid in preventing cracks from reaching the wall. It also aids in the prevention of groundwater and flooding damage. | Tie beams support the columns and rafters in the truss system against vertical forces and lessen the likelihood of buckling failure. |
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Dimensions of a Plinth Beam
Plinth beam sizes are determined by a number of variables, including structural design, regional building standards, and soil bearing capability.
Height of a plinth beam
The plinth beam height may vary from 9 inches (225mm) to 18 inches (450mm) depending on the structure’s number of levels and other outside variables.
Plinth Beam Width
The plinth beam’s width is almost always equal to the width of the wall in construction structures. However, depending on the architecture, the plinth’s breadth could be more than the wall’s thickness.
Plinth Beam Depth
The depth of the plinth beam is determined by elements such regional construction rules, soil quality, and structural needs. The average range for the beam’s depth is 300mm (12 inches) to 600mm (24 inches).
Plinth Beam Depth Ratio
In India, there are 18 plinth beams per square metre. However, the depth ratio of the beam will be decided by the structural engineer based on the structural requirements.
Dimension of the Plinth Beam Cross Section
In accordance with the code’s criteria for loading and deflection, plinth beams’ cross-sectional dimensions may change.
Plinth Beam Shear Reinforcement
Plinth beams must be designed in accordance with IS 46:2000, notably Table 20. On the basis of the specific grade of concrete, the table alters the maximum allowable shear reinforcement. The rules also specify that the shear reinforcement’s projected spacing cannot be larger than 30 cm.
Plinth Beam Assemblage Materials
The plinth beam may be put together using these two main parts:
Concrete: One of the key elements is concrete. When building the beam, concrete strength is essential. The plinth’s concrete should have a standard strength of 20 Megapascals (MPa). A concrete grade of M20 (mis ratio) is needed in addition to the MPa. Adding 20% additional cement to the mixture will make up any lost concrete if it were to occur during mixing.
Steel Rods: Per regulations, plinth beams must have two bottom reinforcing steel bars with a minimum diameter of 12 mm and two top bars with a minimum diameter of 10 mm. Furthermore, stirrup spacing should be around 15 cm, and a concrete cover with a minimum thickness of 25 mm is needed over the reinforcing bars. It is crucial to keep in mind that the steel rods’ diameter must meet the specifications, which state that it cannot be less than 6 mm.
Using Plinth Beams
In order to ensure that the plinth beam has adequate strength while being built in a cost-effective way, the design procedure for a plinth beam comprises a comprehensive analysis to determine the proper size.
Among the loads that must be considered while constructing the plinth are the following:
- Load the wall from a height above the plinth.
- It is necessary to consider the passive pressure that the plinth’s foundational soil exerts.
- A potential load that may be use in the case of uneven foundation settlement.
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In conclusion, Plinth Beams
The plinth beam is a crucial component of a building’s structural design. Its main job is to give the structure a solid foundation and evenly transmit the weight of the walls and columns onto the foundation. The plinth, which effectively supports the walls and guards against differential settling, is essential to the constructions overall stability and lifespan.
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