Understanding The Structure And Varieties Of Beams
A building’s structure uses various types of beams to support vertical loads as well as shear and bending moments. In engineering and construction, a beam structure is used to provide a reliable load path that equally distributes weight across the base of a building. A beam is a type of structural element that supports weight largely by resisting bending. The most frequent method of deflecting the shafts is bending.
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Beams can withstand bending and shearing moments as well as vertical stresses. To provide more thorough support throughout the building, the beam structure is positioned below the foundation or column.
In a beam structure, reinforcements are used
Depending on the type of building being built and how the beam will be used, a variety of alternate reinforcements can be used in a beam construction. The foundations that are most frequently used include:
Main bars: To support the weight, this type of reinforcement is used.
Support bars: To keep the stirrups of a beam in place, reinforcements are added on the top of the beam.
Stirrups: This reinforcement equalizes the shear stresses or forces acting on the structure.
Why is the construction of beams so important?
- Beams support the floors, ceilings, and roofs of a building and transfer the load to a vertical load-bearing component of the structure.
- The lintel beam, which supports the upper wall or partition material between openings, provides the framing for a building structure.
- Occasionally, larger, heavier beams known as transfer beams will carry the combined weight of stacked walls or other beams, transferring the weight to the supports in the process.
- Due to their exceptional load-bearing capabilities, I-beams are extensively used in construction.
Various beam types used in construction
The many types of beams are categorized using the following standards:
- Based on the equilibrium condition
- Based on geometry
- Based on construction materials
- Based on support conditions
- Based on cross-section shapes
- Based on the construction method
Dangling beam
An end portion of a beam type known as an overhanging beam extends beyond its supports. This structure exhibits both cantilever & simply supported beam features. The section of a beam that is double overhung may be at one end only, or both ends.
Beams that cantilever
A cantilever beam is one that has one end fastened while the other end is let free. After the beam passes the weight back to the support, it experiences shear stress before briefly being under strain. Cantilever beams can be used to construct bay windows, balconies, or even bridges. The cantilever typically consists of a beam with the parameters length (l), thickness (t), & width (w), though it could instead be made of two beams linked at an angle.
Simply-supported beam
A supported beam has supported ends or ends that can freely rest on supports. This beam is often considered to be the easiest type of construction. This shaft form—one ray from the roller support and the other from the pinned support—is incredibly typical and conclusive because there are only three unidentified reactions & three equilibrium equations.
Curved beam
The shape of these beams is bent along their horizontal axes. They can also bear bending moments as well as shear and torsional forces since they are strengthened at their ends. The most common structures made with them are arches and circles. They are also used to construct cranes, balconies, and cranes that provide pre-camber for structures that resemble bridges. These beams are challenging to design because the strain distribution along their axes is not linear.
This beam’s T-section
This beam is frequently constructed as a single piece from a reinforced concrete slab. Sometimes isolated T-beams are built to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. Additionally, an inverted T-beam can be constructed in accordance with the loading requirements. More headroom is acquired as a result of the beam’s depth being lessened than normal. To minimise beam deflection across larger spans, T-beams are used in place of conventional shafts.
Reinforced beam of concrete
Reinforced concrete is made by combining concrete and steel rods. To supplement concrete’s relatively low flexibility and tensile strength, steel reinforcement is often passively added before the concrete hardens. These beams are used in the vast majority of construction projects. Reinforced concrete offers benefits since it can bear heavy compressive stresses.
Unfinished beam
Construction workers can utilise precast concrete beams, which are adaptable building materials, for flooring, exterior and interior walls, concrete frameworks, staircases, wall cladding, as well as other construction-related uses. This kind of beam is produced in factories. The construction environment is simpler to control than on-site construction. As a result, the concrete in the beam would be of greater quality. The connections of the beam are frequently achieved by sandwiching a loose plate between two structural steel plates that are inserted in the cast-in-place concrete panel and the precast concrete panel, and are then bonded by welding.
Fixture beam
Both of the ends of a fixed beam are built into or fastened to walls. It is also known as a fixed beam, ancestry beam, or built-in beam.
It can support more weight under the same loading conditions than a beam that is simply supported. Has a smaller maximum deflection than a beam that is only supported. Endures a quieter ultimate bending moment than a supported shaft.
Composite trusses
Steel and concrete, two separate elements, are used to construct these buildings. There are numerous suitable cross-sections for the composite beam. Cross beams must have shear connections that connect the two materials. Shear connectors are commonly drilled into the steel beams and inserted into the concrete slabs for steel-concrete composite beams.
A wooden beam
Wooden horizontal structural supports are called timber beams. In houses and other wooden-frame structures, these beams are commonplace. The choice of wood is influenced by the construction style. To produce wooden beams, building contractors can utilise sawn lumber and engineered wood products. The goods made of engineered wood have a stronger resistance to twisting and warping. The first kinds of beams historically used in construction were constructed of wood.
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